Richard Strauss, Also sprach Zarathustra, Introduction: the opening grows out of a drone effect in the orchestra.Berlioz, Harold in Italy, accompanying oboes as they imitate the piffero of Italian peasants.3 in A minor, opus 56, 'Scottish', especially the finale. 6, "Pastoral", opening and trio section of scherzo. 104, "London", opening of finale, accompanying a folk melody. Use in musical compositions Ĭomposers of Western classical music occasionally used a drone (especially one on open fifths) to evoke a rustic or archaic atmosphere, perhaps echoing that of Scottish or other early or folk music. Melody to " Yankee Doodle" without and with drone notes as played on the banjo Play without ⓘ and with drone ⓘ. The Welsh Crwth also features two drone strings. The bass strings of the Slovenian drone zither also freely resonate as a drone. The fifth string on a five-string banjo is a drone string with a separate tuning peg that places the end of the string five frets down the neck of the instrument this string is usually tuned to the same note as that which the first string produces when played at the fifth fret, and the drone string is seldom fretted. A hurdy-gurdy has one or more drone strings. Bagpipes (like the Great Highland Bagpipe and the Zampogna) feature a number of drone pipes, giving the instruments their characteristic sounds. For example, the sitar features three or four resonating drone strings, and Indian notes ( sargam) are practiced to a drone. the sitar, the sarod, the sarangi and the rudra veena) contain a drone. Different melodic Indian instruments (e.g. Part(s) of a musical instrument Highland bagpipes, with drone pipes over the pipers' left shouldersĭrone is also the term for the part of a musical instrument intended to produce the drone effect's sustained pitch, generally without the ongoing attention of the player. It is also present in some isolated regions of Asia (like among Pearl-divers in the Persian Gulf, some national minorities of South-West China, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Afghanistan). ![]() In vocal music drone is particularly widespread in traditional musical cultures, particularly in Europe, Polynesia and Melanesia. Since the 1960s, the drone has become a prominent feature in drone music and other forms of avant-garde music. In America, most forms of the African-influenced banjo contain a drone string. Most of the types of bagpipes that exist worldwide have up to three drones, making this one of the first instruments that comes to mind when speaking of drone music. It is used in Indian music and is played with the tanpura (or tambura) and other Indian drone instruments like the ottu, the ektar, the dotara (or dotar dutar in Persian Central Asia), the surpeti, the surmandal (or swarmandal) and the shankh (conch shell). The systematic use of drones originated in instrumental music of ancient Southwest Asia, and spread north and west to Europe and south to Africa. History and distribution A Lady Playing the Tanpura, ca. A pedal point may be a form of nonchord tone and thus required to resolve unlike a drone, or a pedal point may simply be considered a shorter drone, a drone being a longer pedal point. A drone on the same pitch as a melodic note tends to both hide that note and to bring attention to it by increasing its importance.Ī drone differs from a pedal tone or point in degree or quality. The drone is most often placed upon the tonic or dominant (play "Row, Row, Row Your Boat" with a drone on the tonic ⓘ, on the dominant ⓘ, or on both ⓘ. Drone (both instrumental and vocal) can be placed in different ranges of the polyphonic texture: in the lowest part, in the highest part, or in the middle. A drone can be instrumental, vocal or both. It most often establishes a tonality upon which the rest of the piece is built. "Of all harmonic devices, it is not only the simplest, but probably also the most fertile." Ī drone effect can be achieved through a sustained sound or through repetition of a note. ![]() Α burden is also part of a song that is repeated at the end of each stanza, such as the chorus or refrain. A drone may also be any part of a musical instrument used to produce this effect an archaic term for this is burden ( bourdon or burdon) such as a "drone of a bagpipe", the pedal point in an organ, or the lowest course of a lute. ![]() In music, a drone is a harmonic or monophonic effect or accompaniment where a note or chord is continuously sounded throughout most or all of a piece.
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